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Câu bị động (Passive voice) là một trong những chủ điểm ngữ pháp thường xuất hiện trong các bài kiểm tra tiếng Anh. Để giúp bạn nắm chắc cấu trúc và cách dùng, IELTS LangGo đã tổng hợp các bài tập câu bị động có đáp án từ cơ bản đến nâng cao để các bạn luyện tập.
Cùng ôn tập lý thuyết và làm các bài tập thực hành nhé.
Câu bị động (Passive Voice) là loại câu trong đó chủ ngữ không thực hiện hành động mà là chịu tác động từ người hoặc vật khác.
Cấu trúc chung của câu bị động:
S + tobe + V3/Ved + (by + O)
Ví dụ:
| Các thì | Công thức câu bị động | Ví dụ |
| Hiện tại đơn | am/is/are + V3/-ed | English is taught here. (Tiếng Anh được dạy ở đây) |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn | am/is/are + being + V3/-ed | The presentation is being prepared by them. (Bài thuyết trình đang được chuẩn bị bởi họ.) |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành | has/have been + V3/-ed | Three books have been written by her. (3 cuốn sách đã được viết bởi cô ấy.) |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn | has/have been + being + V3/-ed | English has been being taught by her for two hours. (Tiếng Anh đã được cô ấy dạy trong 2 giờ.) |
| Quá khứ đơn | was/were + V3/-ed | A novel was written by her. (Cuốn tiểu thuyết được viết bởi cô ấy.) |
| Quá khứ tiếp diễn | was/were + being + V3/-ed | The car was being repaired by him. (Chiếc xe đang được sửa bởi anh ấy.) |
| Quá khứ hoàn thành | had been + V3/-ed | The assignment had been finished by him. (Bài tập đã được hoàn thành bởi anh ấy.) |
| Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn | had been + being + V3/-ed | The work had been being done by him for six hours. (Công việc đã được anh ấy hoàn thành trong 6 tiếng.) |
| Tương lai đơn | will be + V3/-ed | The work will be finished by him. (Công việc sẽ được hoàn thành bởi anh ấy.) |
| Tương lai tiếp diễn | will be + being + V3/-ed | The plan will be being discussed by them. (Kế hoạch sẽ được họ thảo luận.) |
| Tương lai hoàn thành | will have been + V3/-ed | The project will have been completed by them. (Dự án sẽ được hoàn thành bởi họ.) |
| Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn | will have been + being + V3/-ed | English will have been being studied by them for a year. (Tiếng Anh sẽ đã được học bởi học trong 1 năm.) |
Câu bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu (should, may, could, must…)
Công thức:
S + modal verb + be + V3/-ed
Ví dụ: A discount may be offered during the holidays. (Họ có thể cung cấp giảm giá trong những ngày nghỉ lễ.)
Loại 1: Động từ chính (V1) ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành
Cách 1:
Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
Bị động: It is + V1(p2) + that + S2 + V2 + O.
Ví dụ: People believe that the government should spend more money on helping the poor. (Mọi người tin rằng chính phủ nên đầu tư nhiều tiền hơn để giúp đỡ người nghèo.)
→ It is believed that the government should spend more money on helping the poor.
Cách 2:
Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
Bị động:
TH1: S2 + am/is/are + V1(p2) + to + V2(inf) + O. (Khi V2 ở hiện tại đơn hoặc tương lai đơn)
TH2: S2 + am/is/are + V1(p2) + to have V2(p2) + O. (Khi V2 ở quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành)
Ví dụ: Someone says that the company will introduce new policies next year. (Ai đó đã nói rằng công ty sẽ áp dụng quy định mới năm sau.)
→ The company is said to introduce new policies next year.
Loại 2: Khi động từ chính (V1) ở thì quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn thành
Cách 1:
Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O.
Bị động: It was + V1(p2) + that + S2 + V2 + O.
Ví dụ: People said that someone has murdered the man. (Mọi người nói rằng ai đó đã giết người đàn ông.)
→ It was said that someone had murdered the man.
Cách 2:
Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
Bị động:
TH1: S2 + was/were + V1(p2) + to + V2(nguyên thể) + O. (dùng khi V2 ở quá khứ đơn)
TH2: S2 + was/were + V1(p2) + to have V2(p2) + O. (Dùng khi V2 ở quá khứ hoàn thành)
Ví dụ: People said that the committee made the decision yesterday. (Mọi người nói rằng hội động đã đưa ra quyết định hôm qua.)
→ The committee was said to make the decision yesterday.
Câu bị động với câu sai khiến
Chủ động: S + have + somebody + V
Bị động: S + have + something + P2 + by Sb
Ví dụ: I have the plumber fixed my water pipe. (Tôi thuê thợ sửa ống nước sửa ống nước.)
→ I have my water pipe fixed by the plumber
Chủ động: S + get + somebody + to-V
Bị động: S + get + something + P2
Ví dụ: My father got me to clean the house. (Bố tôi sai tôi đi lau nhà.)
→ My father got the house cleaned by me.
Cùng hoàn thành các bài tập về câu bị động từ cơ bản đến nâng cao dưới đây để củng cố lại lý thuyết về câu bị động nhé.
Bài 1: Bài tập trắc nghiệm câu bị động
1. The cake _______ (bake) by the chef was delicious.
A) is baking
B) was baked
C) has been baked
D) bakes
2. The room _______ (clean) every day by the housekeeper.
A) cleans
B) is cleaning
C) was cleaned
D) is cleaned
3. The letter _______ (send) to the wrong address by mistake.
A) sends
B) was sent
C) will be sent
D) is sending
4. The new software _______ (install) on all computers by the IT department next week.
A) installs
B) is installed
C) will install
D) will be installed
5. The report _______ (submit) by the team before the deadline.
A) must be submitted
B) submitted
C) is submitted
D) may be submitted
6. The novel _______ (write) by the famous author became a bestseller.
A) writes
B) is writing
C) was written
D) wrote
7. The dishes _______ (wash) by the dishwasher right now.
A) are washing
B) have been washed
C) are being washed
D) is washed
8. The artwork _______ (display) in the gallery for weeks.
A) is displaying
B) has been displayed
C) is being displayed
D) has being displayed
9. The presentation _______ (prepare) by the team before the conference started.
A) was preparing
B) had been prepared
C) was being prepared
D) had prepared
10. The meetings _______ (hold) in the conference room every Monday.
A) hold
B) are held
C) is holding
D) will be hold
11. The keys _______ (lose) by someone in the park were found by a jogger.
A) are losing
B) lost
C) have been lost
D) were lost
12. The documents _______ (scan) by the clerk when the scanner malfunctioned.
A) were scanning
B) were being scanned
C) had been scanned
D) scanned
13. The data _______ (analyze) by the experts recently.
A) are analyzing
B) have been analyzed
C) are being analyzed
D) has been analyzing
14. The building _______ (demolish) by the time the new shopping mall opened.
A) was demolishing
B) had been demolished
C) was being demolished
D) had demolished
15. The vegetables _______ (chop) by the chef while the sauce was simmering.
A) were chopping
B) were being chopped
C) had been chopped
D) chopped
16. The bills _______ (pay) by the accounting department monthly.
A) pay
B) are paid
C) is paying
D) pays
Bài 2: Bài tập viết lại câu bị động
1. The dog chased the cat up the tree.
2. The teacher gave the students homework assignments.
3. The mechanic repaired my car last week.
4. They have canceled the meeting due to unforeseen circumstances.
5. The company will launch a new product next month.
6. She is preparing a delicious meal in the kitchen.
7. The children found a treasure map during their adventure.
8. The gardener plants roses in the garden every spring.
9. Someone has stolen my wallet from the table.
10. They organized a surprise party for her birthday.
11. The company publishes a quarterly magazine.
12. She will cook dinner tonight.
13. They had completed the assignment before the deadline.
14. The students are preparing for the exam in the library.
15. The technician is fixing the computer right now.
16. Someone stole my bicycle from the garage last night.
17. The government has launched a new initiative to combat pollution.
18. He writes a letter to his grandmother every month.
19. The artist was painting a beautiful landscape when it started raining.
20. The committee is reviewing the proposal next week.
Bài 3: Bài tập viết lại câu bị động dạng đặc biệt sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. The Police reported that the number of car accidents had increased.
The number of car accidents ____________ increased.
2. They say hot lemon is one of the best remedies for sore throats.
Hot lemon ___________ one of the best remedies for sore throats.
3. The doctors claim that this new technique is a revolution for heart problems.
This new technique ____________ a revolution for heart diseases.
4. They expect the Queen Mary 2 will arrive in Miami in a couple of weeks.
_____________________ in Miami in a couple of weeks.
5. Everybody thought he did not take the prize for political reasons.
He ________________ the prize for political reasons.
6. It is believed that many yogis meditate without food or water for weeks.
_____________________ without food or water for weeks.
7. Scientists think that many unknown mammals still live in the middle of Asian jungles.
Many unknown mammals ___________________ in the middle of Asian jungles.
8. All the experts in the congress thought that our wine was the best.
_____________________________ the best by all the experts in the congress.
9. It is said that this orchestra is the best in the world
This orchestra _____________________________________
10. It is believed that the thieves have left the country.
The thieves ________________________________________
11. The fire is reported to have started by accident.
It _______________________________________________
12. He is known to be making a lot of money.
It ______________________________________________.
13. It is expected that they will arrive in time for dinner
They ___________________________________________.
14. She is said to know a lot about gardening.
It ______________________________________________
15. It is thought that he will be attending the meeting.
He _____________________________________________.
16. It is believed that we are able to win the competition.
We _____________________________________________
Nguồn: engelsklaslokaal
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. B
16. B
Bài 2:
1. The cat was chased up the tree by the dog.
2. Homework assignments were given to the students by the teacher.
3. My car was repaired by the mechanic last week.
4. The meeting has been canceled due to unforeseen circumstances.
5. A new product will be launched by the company next month.
6. A delicious meal is being prepared in the kitchen by her.
7. A treasure map was found by the children during their adventure.
8. Roses are planted in the garden every spring by the gardener.
9. My wallet has been stolen from the table.
10. A surprise party was organized for her birthday by them.
11. A quarterly magazine is published by the company.
12. Dinner will be cooked by her tonight.
13. The assignment had been completed by them before the deadline.
14. The exam is being prepared for in the library by the students.
15. The computer is being fixed by the technician right now.
16. My bicycle was stolen from the garage last night.
17. A new initiative to combat pollution has been launched by the government.
18. A letter is written to his grandmother every month by him.
19. A beautiful landscape was being painted by the artist when it started raining.
20. The proposal is being reviewed by the committee next week.
Bài 3:
1. The number of car accidents was reported to have increased.
2. Hot lemon is said to be one of the best remedies for sore throats.
3. This new technique is claimed to be a revolution for heart diseases.
4. The Queen Mary 2 was expected to arrive in Miami in a couple of weeks.
5. He was thought not to have taken the prize for political reasons.
6. Many yogis are believed to meditate without food or water for weeks.
7. Many unknown mammals are thought to live in the middle of Asian jungles.
8. Our wine was thought to be the best by all the experts in the congress.
9. This orchestra is said to be the best in the world.
10. The thieves are believed to have left the country.
11. It was reported that the fire started by accident.
12. It is known that he is making a lot of money.
13. They are expected to arrive in time for dinner.
14. It is said that she knows a lot about gardening.
15. He is thought to be attending the meeting.
16. We are believed to be able to win the competition.
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