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Thực hành làm bài tập chính là cách học hiệu quả nhất giúp bạn hiểu sâu về cấu trúc, cách dùng của các thì trong Tiếng Anh.
Trong bài viết này, các bạn hãy cùng IELTS LangGo thử sức với những bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) có đáp án chi tiết, giúp bạn thành thạo và tự tin hơn khi sử dụng thì này nhé.
Trước khi bắt tay thực hành bài tập, chúng ta cùng ôn lại kiến thức về cấu trúc, cách sử dụng và các dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect Tense) nhé.
1.1. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Kiến thức quan trọng đầu tiên bạn cần nắm được chính là công thức ở thể khẳng định, phủ định, nghi vấn và bị động của thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
1.2. Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Để dễ dàng chinh phục các bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành, bạn cần biết được các trường hợp sử dụng của thì này. Cụ thể:
Ví dụ: Before the chef presented the dish, the kitchen staff had prepared the ingredients. (Trước khi đầu bếp trình bày món ăn, nhân viên nhà bếp đã chuẩn bị nguyên liệu.)
Ví dụ: Before the clock struck midnight, John had finished writing the final chapter of his novel. (Trước khi đồng hồ đánh nửa đêm, John đã hoàn thành chương cuối của cuốn tiểu thuyết của mình.)
Ví dụ: If we had implemented the changes earlier, the project outcome would have been more successful. (Nếu chúng ta đã triển khai những thay đổi sớm hơn, kết quả của dự án đã thành công hơn.)
1.3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Các dấu hiệu dưới đây sẽ giúp bạn nhận biết thứ tự xảy ra của hai hành động trong quá khứ để biết động từ nào nên chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
Ví dụ: When she called, I had already gone to bed. (Khi cô ấy gọi, tôi đã đi ngủ rồi.)
Ví dụ: Before the negotiations began, the diplomats had exchanged several confidential memos. (Trước khi cuộc đàm phán bắt đầu, các nhà ngoại giao đã trao đổi một số bản ghi chú mật.)
Ví dụ: After the company had undergone restructuring, its financial health improved significantly. (Sau khi công ty trải qua quá trình tái cơ cấu, tình trạng tài chính của nó cải thiện đáng kể.)
Ví dụ: As soon as the research team had presented their findings, the scientific community acknowledged the breakthrough. (Ngay sau khi nhóm nghiên cứu trình bày kết quả của mình, cộng đồng khoa học đã công nhận sự đột phá.)
Ví dụ: By the time he reached the international level, the chess grandmaster had defeated every renowned opponent. (Đến khi anh ấy đạt đến cấp quốc tế, kỳ thủ cờ vua đã đánh bại mọi đối thủ nổi tiếng.)
1.4. Phân biệt thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành đều là hai thì Tiếng Anh dùng để diễn tả một hành động trong quá khứ. Tuy nhiên giữa chúng vẫn có một số điểm khác biệt mà bạn cần lưu ý:
|
| Thì quá khứ đơn | Thì quá khứ hoàn thành |
| Cấu trúc | S + Ved | S + had + Ved/V3 |
| Cách dùng | Diễn tả một hành động hay sự kiện đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. VD: In 1928, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. (Năm 1928, Amelia Earhart trở thành phụ nữ đầu tiên lái máy bay một mình qua Đại Tây Dương.) | Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ VD: By the time we reached the cinema, the movie had already started, and the ticket counter had closed. (Khi chúng tôi đến rạp chiếu phim, phim đã bắt đầu và quầy vé đã đóng cửa.) |
|
| Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 để nói về một điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại. VD: If I had enough money, I would buy this computer. (Nếu có đủ tiền, tôi sẽ mua chiếc máy tính đó.) | Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 3 để nói về một điều kiện trái với quá khứ. VD: If she had known about the traffic jam, she wouldn't have missed her flight. (Nếu cô ấy biết về tắc nghẽn giao thông, cô ấy đã không bỏ lỡ chuyến bay.) |
Với những kiến thức tổng quan, IELTS LangGo hy vọng bạn đã có đủ tự tin để thực hành các bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành sau đây
Bài 1: Bài tập chia động từ thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. She __________ (finish) her homework before the guests arrived.
2. By the time I woke up, he __________ (leave) for work.
3. The team __________ (win) all the matches in the tournament.
4. They __________ (travel) to several countries before settling down.
5. After she __________ (read) the book, she recommended it to her friends.
6. He __________ (study) Spanish before he visited Spain.
7. The scientists __________ (conduct) numerous experiments before publishing their findings.
8. She __________ (meet) him once before they became colleagues.
9. The concert __________ (begin) by the time they found their seats.
10. We __________ (visit) that museum before, so we decided to explore a different one.
Đáp án
1. had finished
2. had left
3. had won
4. had traveled
5. had read
6. had studied
7. had conducted
8. had met
9. had begun
10. had visited
Bài 2: Bài tập trắc nghiệm thì quá khứ hoàn thành
1. By the time they arrived, the party ______.
a. already started
b. had already started
c. already starting
d. already starts
2. Before the storm hit, they ______ all the windows.
a. closed
b. close
c. closing
d. had closed
3. When he reached the summit, he realized he ______ his camera at the base.
a. had left
b. leaves
c. left
d. leaving
4. After they ______ the novel, they discussed its plot.
a. read
b. had read
c. reads
d. reading
5. By the time the detective arrived, the thief ______.
a. already fled
b. already flees
c. had already fled
d. already had fled
6. She ______ all the questions before the teacher returned.
a. answered
b. answer
c. had answered
d. answering
7. Before the concert began, the orchestra ______ a final rehearsal.
a. performed
b. performs
c. performing
d. had performed
8. When they ______ the old photographs, memories flooded back.
a. had found
b. finding
c. found
d. find
9. After the chef ______ the special dish, the customers ordered it in large numbers.
a. prepares
b. preparing
c. had prepared
d. prepared
10. By the time she ______ the news, everyone else already knew.
a. heard
b. had heard
c. hearing
d. hears
Đáp án
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. b
5. c
6. c
7. d
8. a
9. c
10. b
Bài 3: Bài tập tiếng anh thì quá khứ hoàn thành viết lại câu
1. She finished her homework, and then she went to bed.
-> After she _____ her homework, she _____ to bed.
2. The rain stopped. After that, they went outside for a walk.
-> After the rain _____, they _____ outside for a walk.
3. They arrived late to watch the beginning of the movie.
-> By the time they _____ , the movie _____ already _____.
4. He left his wallet at home, and couldn’t pay the bill.
-> He realized he _____ his wallet when he tried to pay the bill.
5. He opened the fridge. He couldn’t find his sandwich.
-> When he _____ the fridge, he discovered someone _____ his sandwich.
6. The team practiced for weeks. They finally won the championship.
-> After the team _____ for weeks, they finally ______ the championship.
7. They forgot to book a hotel before arriving in the city.
-> They realized they _____ a hotel when they _____ in the city.
8. Before the students asked questions, the teacher explained the lesson.
-> After the teacher _____ the lesson, the students _____ questions.
9. While her friends were celebrating at the party, she arrived.
-> By the time she _____ at the party, her friends _____ already _____ celebrating.
10. They discussed the key points with the team after finishing the meeting.
-> After they ______ the meeting, they _____ the key points with the team.
Đáp án
1. After she had finished her homework, she went to bed.
2. After the rain had stopped, they went outside for a walk.
3. By the time they arrived, the movie had already started.
4. He realized he had forgotten his wallet when he tried to pay the bill.
5. When he opened the fridge, he discovered someone had eaten his sandwich.
6. After the team had practiced for weeks, they finally won the championship.
7. They realized they hadn't booked a hotel when they arrived in the city.
8. After the teacher had explained the lesson, the students asked questions.
9. By the time she arrived at the party, her friends had already started celebrating.
10. After they had finished the meeting, they discussed the key points with the team.
Bài 1: Bài tập phân biệt thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành bằng cách chia thì phù hợp
Before attending the conference, Dr. Anderson (1) __________ (conduct) extensive research in his field. By the time he (2) __________ (arrive) at the venue, many renowned scholars (3) __________ (already/present) their findings. He (4) __________ (feel) a bit nervous as he (5) __________ (never/speak) at such a prestigious event before. However, he (6) __________ (prepare) thoroughly and (7) __________ (review) his notes multiple times. As he (8) __________ (begin) his presentation, he (9) __________ (realize) that several attendees (10) __________ (read) his recent publications. The questions from the audience (11) __________ (be) challenging, but Dr. Anderson (12) __________ (answer) them confidently. After the conference, he (13) __________ (receive) positive feedback, and he (14) __________ (reflect) on how much he (15) __________ (achieve) in his career.
Đáp án
1. had conducted
2. arrived
3. had already presented
4. felt
5. had never spoken
6. had prepared
7. had reviewed
8. began
9. realized
10. had read
11. were
12. answered
13. received
14. reflected
15. had achieved
Bài 2: Tìm lỗi sai về thì quá khứ đơn/quá khứ hoàn thành trong các câu sau và sửa lại (nếu có)
1. The report was prepared by the research team before it was presented to the board.
2. By the time the students arrived, the exam papers had already graded by the professor.
3. The event had been organized meticulously, but some details had been overlooked.
4. The party invitations was sent out, but unfortunately, some guests' names had been misspelled.
5. The concert tickets had been sold out by time they realized the show had been rescheduled.
6. After they reached the venue, the awards had already been presented to the winners.
7. By the time they reached the venue, the awards was already presented to the winners.
8. The project had been completed on schedule after all the tasks were assigned to the team.
9. The decision was implemented promptly after the recommendations had been considered by the board.
10. By the time the guests were arrived, the meal was already prepared as the ingredients had been sourced earlier.
Đáp án
1. was -> had been
2. had already graded -> had already been graded
3. Không có lỗi sai
4. was sent out -> had been sent out
5. by time -> by the time
6. After -> Before
7. was already -> had already been
8. had been -> was; were -> had been
9. Không có lỗi sai
10. were -> X; was -> had been
Bài 3: Bài tập câu bị động thì quá khứ hoàn thành - viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. The company had produced the prototypes before the investors made their decision.
-> The prototypes……………… .
2. Before the announcement, the team had already designed the new software.
-> The new software………………………….
3. After the scientists had conducted the experiment, they published their findings.
-> The findings …………………………. .
4. Participant feedback forms had been distributed by the organizers before the event started.
-> Before the event started, the organizers…………………...
5. The project had been completed by the students before their presentations were evaluated by the instructors.
-> After the students……………………………...
6. Before the product was launched, the marketing team had created a compelling advertising campaign.
-> A compelling……………………………….. .
7. The athletes had achieved their record-breaking performances.
-> Record-breaking performances………………… .
8. The findings had already been shared with the research community by the time she had written the report.
-> By the time she…………………………….
9. After the students had completed the project, their presentations were evaluated by the instructors.
-> The project………………………………… .
10. Before the merger, the companies had already consolidated their financial reports.
-> Financial reports………………………………… .
Đáp án
1. The prototypes had been produced by the company before the investors made their decision.
2. The new software had been designed by the team before the announcement.
3. The findings were published by the scientists after they conducted the experiment.
4. Before the event started, the organizers had already distributed the participant feedback forms.
5. After the students had completed the project, their presentations were evaluated by the instructors.
6. A compelling advertising campaign had been created by the marketing team before the product was launched.
7. Record-breaking performances had been achieved by the athletes.
8. By the time she had written the report, her findings had already been shared with the research community.
9. The project had been completed by the students before their presentations were evaluated by the instructors.
10. Financial reports had been consolidated by the companies before the merger.
Hy vọng qua các bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành mà IELTS LangGo tổng hợp trên đây, các bạn sẽ nắm vững chủ điểm ngữ pháp này và tự tin sử dụng trong giao tiếp cũng như khi làm bài thi hay kiểm tra.
Đừng quên kiểm tra đáp án cẩn thận và rút kinh nghiệm từ những lỗi sai của mình nhé!
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