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Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) được xem là một trong những chủ điểm nâng cao trong chương trình Tiếng Anh lớp 10 sách mới.
Trong bài viết này, IELTS LangGo sẽ hệ thống kiến thức trọng tâm và tổng hợp bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 10 để giúp bạn ôn tập và đạt điểm cao trong các bài thi. Cùng học ngay nhé.
Trước khi thực hành bài tập về câu tường thuật lớp 10, bạn cần nắm được công thức và cách sử dụng câu tường thuật.
Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) là loại câu được sử dụng khi người nói muốn trình bày lại lời nói của một người nào khác mà không trích dẫn trực tiếp. Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật, thường có sự thay đổi về thì, nhân vật đổi ngôi và một số từ ngữ khác về thời gian, không gian,...
3 dạng câu tường thuật chính trong Tiếng Anh bao gồm:
| Dạng câu tường thuật | Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
| Câu tường thuật dạng câu kể | S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V S + tell/told + (that) + S + V | John said that he had bought a new car the day before. (John nói rằng anh ấy đã mua một chiếc xe mới ngày hôm trước.) |
| Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi | S + asked/wanted to know/wondered + if/whether + S + V | Mary asked if I had enjoyed the movie. (Mary hỏi liệu tôi có thích bộ phim không.) |
| Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh | S + told + O + (not) + to V-inf | The manager told the employees to finish the report by the next day. (Quản lý nói với nhân viên rằng họ phải hoàn thành báo cáo vào ngày mai.) |
Nắm vững 3 bước chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp sau đây sẽ giúp bạn dễ dàng chinh phục dạng bài tập viết lại câu tường thuật lớp 10.
Bước 1: Thay đổi thì (tense)
Đầu tiên, bạn sẽ cần lùi thì của động từ trong câu trực tiếp. Bảng dưới đây sẽ giúp bạn ghi nhớ quy tắc này:
| Thì trong câu trực tiếp | Thì trong câu gián tiếp |
| Hiện tại đơn (Simple Present) | Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) |
| Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous) | Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous) |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present Perfect) | Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) |
| Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Present Perfect Continuous) | Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past Perfect Continuous) |
| Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) | Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) |
| Tương lai đơn với will | would |
| Tương lai gần với be going to | was/were going to |
Ví dụ:
Câu trực tiếp: He said, "I went to the store."
Câu gián tiếp: He said that he had gone to the store. (Anh ấy bảo rằng anh ấy đã đi đến cửa hàng.)
Bước 2: Thay đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu
Tiếp đến, các bạn cần thay đổi đại từ trong câu, cụ thể:
| Đại từ, tính từ sở hữu trong câu trực tiếp | Đại từ, tính từ sở hữu trong câu tường thuật |
| I | he, she |
| you | I, he, she, they |
| we | they |
| my | his, her |
| our | their |
| your | our, their |
| mine | his, hers |
| yours | ours, mine, theirs |
| ours | theirs |
| me | him, her |
| us | them |
| you | me, us |
| myself | himself, herself |
| yourself | himself, herself, myself |
| ourselves | themselves |
Bước 3: Thay đổi trạng từ
Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian hoặc địa điểm thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp, bạn cũng cần thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:
| Thời gian trong câu trực tiếp | Thời gian trong câu tường thuật |
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| here | there |
| this (these) | that (those) |
| next | the following |
| ago | before |
Ví dụ:
Câu trực tiếp: "I'll visit you today," she said.
Câu tường thuật: She said that she would visit me that day. (Cô ấy nói rằng cô ấy sẽ đến thăm tôi vào ngày hôm đó.)
Bên cạnh các cấu trúc câu tường thuật tiếng Anh lớp 10 cơ bản trên, các bạn cần nắm được một số dạng câu tường thuật đặc biệt dưới đây:
S + exclaimed/said with excitement/… + N/that S + V
Ví dụ: She exclaimed that it was a beautiful painting. (Cô ấy thốt lên rằng đó là một bức tranh đẹp.)
S + advised + somebody + (not) to V + O
S + suggested + that + S + (should) V + O
Ví dụ: The teacher suggested that we should review the material before the exam. (Giáo viên đề xuất rằng chúng ta nên ôn tập tài liệu trước kỳ thi.)
S + warned + that + S + (should) V + O
Ví dụ: The doctor warned that smoking could lead to serious health problems. (Bác sĩ cảnh báo rằng hút thuốc có thể dẫn đến vấn đề sức khỏe nghiêm trọng.)
S + promised/made a promise + that + S + would + V + O
Ví dụ: She promised that she would finish the project by the deadline. (Cô ấy hứa sẽ hoàn thành dự án đúng hạn.)
S + invited + somebody + to V-inf
Ví dụ: They invited us to join them for dinner. (Họ mời chúng tôi tham gia cùng họ ăn tối.)
S + agreed/refused + to V-inf
Ví dụ: My best friends agreed to help with the event preparations. (Bạn thân của tôi đồng ý giúp đỡ trong việc chuẩn bị sự kiện.)
S + accused + somebody + of + V-ing
S + charged + somebody + with + V-ing
Ví dụ: The lawyer accused the defendant of stealing the documents. (Luật sư buộc tội bị cáo về việc đánh cắp tài liệu.)
S + apologized + (to somebody) + (for + N/V-ing)
Ví dụ: She apologized to her friend for forgetting her birthday. (Cô ấy xin lỗi bạn cô ấy vì đã quên ngày sinh nhật của bạn cô ấy.)
S + praised + somebody + for + V-ing
S + complimented/congratulated + somebody + on + N/V-ing
Ví dụ: The teacher praised the student for her excellent performance in the exam. (Giáo viên khen ngợi học sinh về hiệu suất xuất sắc trong kỳ thi.)
S + thanked + S + for + N/V-ing
Ví dụ: They thanked the volunteers for their hard work during the charity event. (Họ cảm ơn các tình nguyện viên vì công sức chăm sóc trong sự kiện từ thiện.)
Để nắm chắc cách làm câu tường thuật lớp 10, các bạn hãy áp dụng lý thuyết vào thực hành các bài tập dưới đây nhé.
Bài 1: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp dưới đây sang các câu gián tiếp
1. "I have never been to Paris," he said.
2. "We will celebrate your birthday next weekend," they told us.
3. He said, "I must finish this report by Friday".
4. Anna told me, "I have already seen that movie".
5. "Can you tell me if the project deadline has been extended?" he wondered.
6. "I am attending a conference in London next month," he explained.
7. "Are you coming to the party tonight?" Tom asked Mary.
8. My neighbor told her son, "Finish your homework before you go out".
9. "Did you enjoy the concert?" she asked me.
10. "Is it going to rain tomorrow?" the football coach wondered.
Đáp án
1. He said that he had never been to Paris.
2. They promised that they would celebrate my birthday the following weekend.
3. He said that he had to finish that report by the following Friday.
4. Anna told me that she had already seen that movie.
5. He wondered whether the project deadline had been extended.
6. He explained that he was attending a conference in London the following month.
7. Tom asked Mary if she was coming to the party that night.
8. My neighbor told her son to finish his homework before he went out.
9. She wanted to know if I had enjoyed the concert.
10. The football coach wondered if it was going to rain the next day.
Bài 2: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp dưới đây sang các câu gián tiếp, sử dụng các cấu trúc câu tường thuật đặc biệt:
1. "What an amazing performance!" she exclaimed.
2. "How about going to the beach this weekend?" the class monitor suggested.
3. "Thank you for your assistance during my final thesis", she said.
4. The candidate told the interview board, "I'm sorry for arriving late".
5. "You stole my pencil case!", Maria told her brother.
6. "I won't participate in the project," he said.
7. "Your efforts in the project are commendable," the manager praised the team.
8. "Let's promise to support each other through thick and thin," her pen pal suggested.
9. He recommended, "Why not express your gratitude to them for their help?".
1. The new intern told his colleagues, “I am sorry for confusing you with my unclear instructions.”
Đáp án
1. She exclaimed with excitement that it was an amazing performance.
2. The class monitor suggested that we should go to the beach that weekend.
3. She expressed her gratitude to me for my assistance during her final thesis.
4. The candidate apologized to the interview board for arriving late.
5. Maria accused her brother of stealing her pencil case.
6. He refused to participate in the project.
7. The manager praised the team for their commendable efforts in the project.
8. Her pen pal suggested promising to support each other through thick and thin.
9. He recommended expressing gratitude to them for their help.
10. He apologized to his colleagues for confusing him with his unclear instructions.
Bài 3: Bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 10 trắc nghiệm chọn đáp án phù hợp để điền vào ô trống:
1. "When did you submit the report?" the professor inquired.
a. The professor inquired when had I submitted the report.
b. The professor asked when I had submitted the report.
c. The professor asked when did I submit the report.
d. The professor asked when had I submit the report.
2. "Did you complete the assignment on time?" the teacher asked.
a. The teacher inquired if I had completed the assignment on time.
b. The teacher asked if did I complete the assignment on time.
c. The teacher asked did I complete the assignment on time.
d. The teacher asked if had I completed the assignment on time.
3. "I love the way you decorated the room," she complimented.
a. She complimented that the room was beautifully decorated.
b. She complimented the room's decoration style.
c. She complimented the way I decorated the room.
d. She complimented me on my room decoration.
4. The client asked, "How much time did it take to complete this project?".
a. The client asked how much time had it taken to complete that project.
b. The client asked how much time had it taken to complete that project.
c. The client wanted to know how much time it had taken to complete that project.
d. The client wanted to know how much time did I take to complete the project.
5. "The company will be relocating to a new office building next month," the CEO disclosed.
a. The CEO disclosed that the company would be relocating to a new office building the following month.
b. The CEO disclosed the company's relocation to a new office building next month.
c. The CEO disclosed the relocation to a new office building the following month.
d. The CEO disclosed that a new office building would be relocated to by the company next month.
6. "I am thankful to my team for their hard work," she said.
a. She expressed gratitude to her team for their hard work.
b. She expressed gratitude for her team's hard work.
c. She expressed gratitude that her team worked hard.
d. She expressed gratitude to her team hard work.
7. The student said to his teacher, "Can you explain the solution to this problem?".
a. The student asked his teacher if I can explain the solution to the problem.
b. The student asked his teacher if she could explain the solution to the problem.
c. The student requested to his teacher could I explain the solution to the problem.
d. The student asked his teacher could I explain the solution to the problem.
8. "The suspect has committed fraud," the lawyer told the jury.
a. The lawyer charged that the suspect with fraud committed.
b. The lawyer charged committing fraud to the suspect.
c. The lawyer charged that the suspect committed fraud.
d. The lawyer charged the suspect with having committed fraud.
9. "Did you attend the conference last week?" my new colleague asked.
a. The colleague asked if I attended the conference the week before.
b. The colleague wanted to know if had I attended the conference the previous week.
c. The colleague asked will I be attending the conference next week.
d. The colleague inquired if I had attended the conference the previous week.
10. My teammate said, "I commit to finishing the project by the end of this week".
a. She promised to finish the project by the end of the week.
b. She made a promise that the project be finished by the end of the week.
c. She promised the completion of the project by the end of that week.
d. She promised finishing the project by the end of this week.
Đáp án
1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c
5. a
6. a
7. b
8. d
9. d
10. c
Bài 4: Điền một từ phù hợp vào ô trống để hoàn thiện các câu sau:
1. The director said, 'The film will be released next month.'
→ The director announced that the film __________ be released the following month.
2. Johnson said, 'I am going to retire next year.'
→ Mr. Johnson announced that he was going to retire __________ year.
3. The manager said to me, 'I am promoting you to a higher position.'
→ The manager informed me that I __________ being promoted to a higher position.
4. The pilot told the flight attendants, 'We are flying over the Grand Canyon.'
→ The pilot informed the flight attendants that they __________ flying over the Grand Canyon.
5. My neighbor John said, 'I have just bought a new house in the suburbs.'
→ My neighbor John shared that he __________ just bought a new house in the suburbs.
6. He said, 'You should visit the museum while you are in town.'
→ He suggested that I __________visit the museum while I was in town.
7. The naughty student said, 'I promise that I will finish my homework on time.'
→ The naughty student made a __________that he would finish the project on time.
8. 'We should finalize the agenda now', the organizer said,
→ The organizer suggested that we should finalize the agenda __________.
9. The weatherman announced, 'There will be heavy rain tomorrow.'
→ The weatherman informed us that there would be heavy rain the next __________.
10. "Last month," the professor explained, 'I assigned a challenging project to the top-performing students.'
→ The professor explained that the __________month, he had assigned a challenging project to the students.
Đáp án
1. would
2. the following
3. was
4. were
5. had
6. should
7. promise
8. then
9. day
10. previous
Bài 5: Bài tập câu tường thuật lớp 10 viết lại câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp sao cho ý nghĩa không đổi:
1. The students said to their teacher, "Thank you for helping us with the challenging final assignment".
2. "I finished my work yesterday," she said.
3. "We will arrive at the airport this Saturday," he explained.
4. "The exam is scheduled for next week," the teacher said.
5. "I'm sorry for missing the important meeting," the new employee said to her colleagues.
6. "The meeting has been rescheduled to the afternoon tomorrow," the manager informed us.
7. "Congratulations on achieving the company’s sales target last month," the manager told us.
8. "I visited my grandparents during the winter break," the little boy said.
9. "You stole sensitive information," the lawyer told the defendant.
10. "Cross the street only at the designated crosswalk," the police officer said to the pedestrians.
Đáp án
1. The students thanked their teacher for helping them with the challenging final assignment.
2. She said that she had finished her work yesterday.
3. He explained that they would arrive at the airport that Saturday.
4. The teacher told us that the exam had been scheduled for the following week.
5. The new employee apologized to her colleagues for missing the important meeting.
6. The manager informed us that the meeting had been rescheduled to the afternoon the following day.
7. The board of directors congratulated us on having achieved the company’s sales target the previous month.
8. The little boy said that he had visited his grandparents during the winter break.
9. The lawyer accused the defendant of stealing sensitive information.
10. The police officer warned the pedestrians that they should cross the street only at the designated crosswalk.
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