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IELTS Reading được nhiều bạn thí sinh đánh giá là không quá khó nhưng để đạt band điểm cao thì cần luyện tập thường xuyên để cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài.
Tiếp tục với series luyện đề Reading, IELTS LangGo sẽ cùng bạn giải đề topic The world in our hands với bài đọc Out of Africa: Saharan Solar Energy.
Cùng thực hành làm đề để biết thêm nhiều điều thú vị về sa mạc Sahara và luyện tập chiến thuật làm dạng Matching information, Matching features và Summary completion IELTS Reading nhé.
Reading Passage:
| Out of Africa: Saharan Solar Energy Vivienne Wait reports on how the Sahara Desert could offer a truly green solution to Europe’s energy problems A For years, the Sahara has been regarded by many Europeans as a terra incognita* of little economic value or importance. But this idea may soon change completely. Politicians and scientists on both sides of the Mediterranean are beginning to focus on the Sahara’s potential to provide power for Europe in the future. They believe the desert’s true value comes from the fact that it is dry and empty. Some areas of the Sahara reach 45 degrees centigrade on many afternoons. It is, in other words, a gigantic natural storehouse of solar energy. B A few years ago, scientists began to calculate just how much energy the Sahara holds. They were astonished at the answer. In theory, a 90,600 square kilometre chunk of the Sahara - smaller than Portugal and a little over 1% of its total area - could yield the same amount of electricity as all the world’s power plants combined. A smaller square of 15,500 square kilometres - about the size of Connecticut - could provide electricity for Europe’s 500 million people. 'I admit I was sceptical until 1 did the calculations myself,’ says Michael Pawlyn, director of Exploration Architecture, one of three British environmental companies comprising the Sahara Forest Project, which is testing solar plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Pawlyn calls the Sahara’s potential ’staggering’. C At the moment, no one is proposing the creation of a solar power station the size of a small country. But a relatively well-developed technology exists, which proponents say could turn the Sahara’s heat and sunlight into a major source of electricity - Concentrating Solar Power [CSP], Unlike solar panels, which convert sunlight directly into electricity, CSP utilises mirrors which focus light on water pipes or boilers to produce very hot steam to operate the turbines of generators. Small CSP plants have produced power in California’s Mojave Desert since the 1980s. The Sahara Forest Project proposes building CSP plants in areas below sea level (the Sahara has several such depressions) so that sea water can flow into them. This water would then be purified and used for powering turbines and washing dust off the mirrors. Waste water would then supply irrigation to areas around the stations, creating lush oases - hence the ’forest’ in the group’s name. D But producing Significant quantities of electricity means building huge arrays of mirrors and pipes across hundreds of miles of remote desert, which is expensive. Gerry Wolff, an engineer who heads DESERTEC, an international consortium of solar-power scientists, says they have estimated it will cost about $59 billion to begin transmitting power from the Sahara by 2020. E Building plants is just part of the challenge. One of the drawbacks to CSP technology is that it works at maximum efficiency only in sunny, hot climates - and deserts tend to be distant from population centres. To supply Europe with 20% of its electricity needs, more than 19,300 kilometres of cables would need to be laid under the Mediterranean, says Gunnar Asplund, head of HVDC research at ABB Power Technologies in Ludvika, Sweden. Indeed, to use renewable sources of power, including solar, wind and tidal, Europe will need to build completely new electrical grids. That’s because existing infrastructures, built largely for the coal- fired plants that supply 80% of Europe’s power, would not be suitable for carrying the amount of electricity generated by the Sahara. Germany’s government-run Aerospace Centre, which researches energy, estimates that replacing those lines could raise the cost of building solar plants in the Sahara and sending significant amounts of power to Europe to about $485 billion over the next 40 years. Generous government subsidies will be needed. ‘Of course it costs a lot of money,’ says Asplund. ‘It’s a lot cheaper to burn coal than to make solar power in the Sahara.’ F Meanwhile, some companies are getting started. Seville engineering company Abengoa is building one solar- thermal plant in Algeria and another in Morocco, while a third is being built in Egypt by a Spanish-Japanese joint venture. The next step will be to get cables in place. Although the European Parliament has passed a law that aids investors who help the continent reach its goal of getting 20% of its power from renewable energy by 2020, it could take years to create the necessary infrastructure. G Nicholas Dunlop, secretary-general of the London-based NGO e-Parliament, thinks companies should begin transmitting small amounts of solar power as soon as the North African plants begin operating, by linking a few cable lines under the Med. 'I call it the Lego method,’ he says. ‘Build it piece by piece.’ If It can be shown that power from the Sahara can be produced profitably, he says, companies and governments will soon jump in. If they do, perhaps airplane passengers flying across the Sahara will one day count the mirrors and patches of green instead of staring at sand. Adapted from Time Magazine *terra incognita - Latin, meaning ‘an unknown land' |
Questions 1-5
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1. …………. a mention of systems which could not be used
2.………….. estimates of the quantity of power the Sahara could produce
3.………….. a suggestion for how to convince organisations about the Sahara’s potential
4.………….. a short description of the Sahara at present
5.………….. a comparison of the costs of two different energy sources
Questions 6-9
Look at the following statements (Questions 6-9) and the list of organisations below.
Match each statement with the correct organisation, A-G.
6.………….. They have set a time for achieving an objective.
7.………….. They believe that successful small-scale projects will demonstrate that larger projects are possible.
8.………….. They have a number of renewable energy projects under construction.
9.………….. They are already experimenting with solar- energy installations in other parts of the world.
List of Organisations
A - Exploration Architecture
B - DESERTEC
C - ABB Power Technologies
D - Aerospace Centre
E - Abengoa
F - The European Parliament
G - e-Parliament
Questions 10-13
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
| Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Unlike solar panels, CSP concentrates the sun's rays on boilers by using 10 .………….. The resulting heat produces high-temperature 11 ………….., which in turn moves the turbines which generate electricity. CSP plants will be situated in 12 ………….. to allow sea water to run in. This, when purified, can be used to wash the equipment. The resulting dirty water will be used for 13 ………….. around the power plant, and in this way oases will be formed. |
Qua đề bài trên, các bạn có thể dễ dàng nhận thấy, bài đọc gồm 13 câu hỏi, chia thành 3 dạng bài quen thuộc trong IELTS Reading:
Dưới đây là một số lưu ý quan trọng các bạn cần nắm được khi làm 3 dạng bài này
Xem thêm: Chiến lược làm dạng Matching Information IELTS Reading
Xem thêm: Chiến thuật làm dạng bài Matching Features IELTS Reading hiệu quả
Xem thêm: Chiến thuật làm dạng Summary Completion IELTS Reading
Sau khi nắm được cách làm, các bạn hãy luyện tập các dạng câu hỏi trong bài đọc trên nhé.
Sau khi làm đề một cách nghiêm túc, các bạn hãy tự kiểm tra đáp án để xem mình đã đúng hay sai nhé.
ĐÁP ÁN
Questions 1-5
1. E
Dẫn chứng: "existing infrastructures, built largely for the coal-fired plants that supply 80% of Europe's power, would not be suitable for carrying the amount of electricity generated by the Sahara"
Giải thích: Đoạn E đề cập đến hệ thống lưới điện hiện tại không thể được sử dụng (would not be suitable) để truyền tải điện từ Sahara.
2. B
Dẫn chứng: "a 90,600 square kilometre chunk of the Sahara... could yield the same amount of electricity as all the world's power plants combined. A smaller square of 15,500 square kilometres... could provide electricity for Europe's 500 million people."
Giải thích: Đoạn B cung cấp các con số ước tính cụ thể về tiềm năng sản xuất điện của sa mạc Sahara.
3. G
Dẫn chứng: "If it can be shown that power from the Sahara can be produced profitably, he says, companies and governments will soon jump in."
Giải thích: Đoạn G, Nicholas Dunlop đã đề xuất việc chứng minh khả năng sinh lời sẽ thuyết phục các tổ chức tham gia dự án.
4. A
Dẫn chứng: "For years, the Sahara has been regarded by many Europeans as a terra incognita... Some areas of the Sahara reach 45 degrees centigrade on many afternoons."
Giải thích: Đoạn A mô tả hiện trạng của sa mạc Sahara với đặc điểm về nhiệt độ và cách nhìn nhận của người châu Âu.
5. E
Dẫn chứng: "'Of course it costs a lot of money,' says Asplund. 'It's a lot cheaper to burn coal than to make solar power in the Sahara.'"
Giải thích: Đoạn E so sánh chi phí giữa đốt than và sản xuất năng lượng mặt trời ở Sahara.
Questions 6-9
6. F
Dẫn chứng: "European Parliament has passed a law that aids investors who help the continent reach its goal of getting 20% of its power from renewable energy by 2020"
Giải thích: Nghị viện châu Âu đặt mục tiêu đạt 20% năng lượng tái tạo vào năm 2020.
7. G
Dẫn chứng: "If it can be shown that power from the Sahara can be produced profitably, he says, companies and governments will soon jump in."
Giải thích: Đoạn G, e-Parliament tin rằng việc chứng minh khả năng sinh lời từ các dự án nhỏ sẽ thu hút đầu tư cho các dự án lớn hơn.
8. E
E Dẫn chứng: "Seville engineering company Abengoa is building one solar-thermal plant in Algeria and another in Morocco"
Giải thích: Công ty Abengoa đang xây dựng các nhà máy năng lượng mặt trời ở Bắc Phi.
9. A
Dẫn chứng: "Exploration Architecture, one of three British environmental companies comprising the Sahara Forest Project, which is testing solar plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates"
Giải thích: Exploration Architecture đang thử nghiệm các nhà máy năng lượng mặt trời ở Oman và UAE.
Questions 10-13
10. mirrors
Dẫn chứng: "CSP utilises mirrors which focus light on water pipes or boilers" (CSP sử dụng gương để tập trung ánh sáng vào đường ống nước hoặc nồi hơi)
11. steam
Dẫn chứng: "to produce very hot steam to operate the turbines of generators" (để tạo ra hơi nước rất nóng để vận hành tua bin của máy phát điện)
12. depressions
Dẫn chứng: "building CSP plants in areas below sea level (the Sahara has several such depressions)" (xây dựng các nhà máy CSP ở những khu vực dưới mực nước biển (Sa mạc Sahara có một số vùng trũng như vậy))
13. irrigation
Dẫn chứng: "Waste water would then supply irrigation to areas around the stations" (Nước thải sau đó sẽ cung cấp nước tưới cho các khu vực xung quanh nhà máy)
Trên đây là bài đọc Out of Africa: Solar energy from the Sahara thuộc chủ đề The world in our hands IELTS Reading kèm đáp án và giải thích chi tiết.
Qua việc thực hành làm đề thường xuyên, IELTS LangGo tin rằng các bạn có thể cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài và đạt band điểm tốt khi thi thật. Chúc các bạn thành công.
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