Câu điều kiện là chủ điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng trong chương trình Tiếng Anh lớp 10 mà trọng tâm là cấu trúc và cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2.
Trong bài viết này, IELTS LangGo sẽ cùng bạn ôn lại lý thuyết và thực hành làm bài tập câu điều kiện lớp 10 để củng cố phần kiến thức đã học nhé.
Trong chương trình lớp 10, các bạn học sinh sẽ được học về câu điều kiện loại 1 và câu điều kiện loại 2. Nắm chắc kiến thức sẽ giúp các bạn làm bài tốt hơn và chính xác hơn nên chúng ta cùng ôn tập về 2 loại câu điều kiện này nhé.
Câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + V-s,es (hiện tại đơn), S + will + V-inf (nguyên thể)
Ví dụ:
Ngoài ra, chúng ta có thể sử dụng Unless thay cho If … not trong câu điều kiện loại 1.
Cấu trúc:
Unless + S + V-s,es (hiện tại đơn), S + will + V-inf (nguyên thể)
Ví dụ:
Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả tình huống không có thật hoặc rất ít có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + V-ed (quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + V-inf (nguyên thể)
Ví dụ:
Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, Unless cũng được dùng để thay thế cho If … not để diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại, mang tính giả định.
Cấu trúc:
Unless + S + V-ed (quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + V-inf (nguyên thể)
Ví dụ:
Để làm bài tập về câu điều kiện lớp 10 chính xác, các bạn cần lưu ý một số điều sau:
Hiểu rõ cách dùng các loại câu điều kiện
Mỗi loại câu điều kiện đều có cấu trúc và cách dùng riêng biệt. Việc hiểu rõ công thức và ngữ cảnh sử dụng của từng câu điều kiện sẽ giúp bạn tránh những lỗi sai cơ bản.
Bên cạnh đó việc thực hành nhiều dạng bài tập sẽ giúp bạn nắm chắc kiến thức và nâng cao kỹ năng làm bài.
Xác định đúng thời điểm và ngữ cảnh
Để sử dụng đúng loại câu điều kiện, bạn phải xác định rõ ràng thời điểm và ngữ cảnh của câu.
Nếu bạn dự đoán hoặc lên kế hoạch cho một tình huống có khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai, bạn nên sử dụng điều kiện loại 1. Còn câu điều kiện loại 2 thường sử dụng khi bạn đang nói về những tình huống không có thật hoặc những mơ ước hoặc giả thiết không thực tế.
Cẩn thận với các lỗi khi chia động từ
Một trong những lỗi sai phổ biến khi làm bài tập câu điều kiện lớp 10 là chia động từ sai thì. Để tránh lỗi này, bạn cần hiểu rõ công thức của từng loại câu điều kiện và quy tắc chia động từ ở các thì khác nhau.
Đặc biệt, dù chủ ngữ là số ít như he/she/it thì theo quy tắc chúng ta vẫn chia to be là were trong câu điều kiện loại 2.
Sau khi đã ôn lại kiến thức, chúng ta hãy cùng thực hành một số bài tập câu về điều kiện lớp 10 để củng cố kiến thức nhé. Bạn đừng quên đối chiếu với đáp án để tự đánh giá độ hiểu bài của mình nhé.
Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng điền vào chỗ trống trong các câu sau:
1. If I ___ enough money, I will buy a new phone.
have
will have
had
would have
2. If it ___ tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
doesn’t rain
didn’t rain
won’t rain
rain
3. You ___ miss the bus if you don’t hurry up.
won’t
would
will
would have
4. If they ___ more time, they will visit us.
have
had
will have
would have
5. If she ___ time, she will help you with your homework.
have
has
will have
had
6. If he ___ early, he will catch the first train.
arrives
arrived
will arrive
has arrived
7. If I ___ a car, I will drive to work.
had
will have
have
would have
8. If you ___ hard, you will pass the exam.
study
will study
studied
would study
9. They ___ enjoy the trip if they don’t book tickets soon.
will
won’t
would
wouldn’t
10. If we ___ enough money, we will donate it to charity.
had
have
will have
would have
Đáp án
A
A
C
A
B
A
C
A
B
B
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng động từ đúng
If you ___ (be) careful, you ___ (not break) the vase.
If they ___ (study) harder, they ___ (pass) the test.
If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we ___ (cancel) the picnic.
If he ___ (call) me, I ___ (answer) immediately.
If she ___ (finish) her homework, she ___ (go) to the cinema.
If we ___ (take) a taxi, we ___ (arrive) on time.
If you ___ (work) harder, you ___ (get) a promotion.
If they ___ (arrive) earlier, they ___ (meet) us.
If she___ (get) , she ___ (be) very happy.
If I ___ (have) a car, I ___ (drive) to work every day.
Đáp án
are - won’t break
study - will pass
rains - will cancel
calls - will answer
finishes - will go
take - will arrive
work - will get
arrive - will met
gets - will be
have - will drive
Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu với cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 1
He will be late for the meeting because he doesn’t leave now.
She will miss a great time because she doesn't go to the party.
I feel sleepy because I don't drink coffee.
I won’t pass the exam because I don’t study hard.
They will go to the cinema in case they finish their homework soon.
He will get a stomach ache because he skips meals.
Leave now or we will be late for the flight.
Take a bus and you will arrive on time.
I will not forgive unless he apologizes.
We will leave without them in case they don’t call us.
Đáp án
He will be late for the meeting if he doesn't leave now.
If she doesn't go to the party, she will miss a great time.
If I don’t drink coffee, I will feel sleepy.
I won’t pass the exam if I don’t study hard.
They will go to the cinema if they finish their homework soon.
If he skips meals, he will get a stomach ache.
If we don’t leave now, we will be late for the flight.
If you take a bus, you will arrive on time.
I will forgive him if he apologizes.
If they don’t call us, we will leave without them.
Bài tập 4: Nối câu ở 2 cột A và B sao cho hợp lý
Cột A | Cột B |
1. If Mary studies harder, | a) she will miss the bus. |
2. If it rains, | b) Mary will pass the exam. |
3. If he eats too much, | c) we won’t be late. |
4. If we hurry, | d) the plants will die. |
5. If she wakes up late, | e) we will reach the airport on time. |
6. If they leave early, | f) I will go to the gym. |
7. If you don't come soon, | g) we won’t enjoy the holiday. |
8. If they don’t water the plants, | h) he will feel sick. |
9. If you work harder, | i) I won’ go shopping. |
10. If I have time, | j) we will travel to Paris. |
Đáp án
B
I
H
E
A
C
G
D
J
F
Bài tập 5: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng Unless
We won’t go to the park if you don’t come with us.
He will not be angry if we are not late.
She will miss the bus if she doesn’t leave now.
He will pass the test if he studies harder.
I will be upset if you don’t help me.
You won’t pass if you don’t study harder.
They will arrive on time if they hurry up.
I will go to the party if I don’t have to work.
I will not forgive you if you don’t apologize.
I will call you if I don’t see you there.
Đáp án
We won't go to the park unless you come with us.
He will not be angry unless we are late.
She will miss the bus unless she leaves now.
He won't pass the test unless he studies harder.
I will be upset unless you help me.
Unless you study harder, you won’t pass.
They won't arrive on time unless they hurry up.
I will go to the party unless I have to work.
Unless you apologize, I will not forgive you.
Unless I see you there, I will call you.
Bài tập 6: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thiện mỗi câu dưới đây
1. If I ___ a million dollars, I would buy a house.
have
had
will have
would have
2. If she ___ taller, she could reach the shelf.
was
is
were
has been
3. If you ___ more careful, you wouldn’t make so many mistakes.
were
are
had been
will be
4. If I ___ you, I would go to the doctor.
am
were
was
will be
5. If they ___ the instructions, they would not fail the test.
followed
follow
had followed
will follow
6. If he ___ in London, he would visit the museums more often.
live
will live
lived
has lived
7. If I ___ more time, I would read that book.
have
had
will have
would have
8. If I ___ the answer, I would tell you.
know
knew
had known
will know
9. If we ___ rich, we would travel around the world.
are
were
will be
had been
10. If I ___ the ticket, I would go to the concert.
buy
had bought
bought
will buy
Đáp án
B
C
A
B
A
C
B
B
B
C
Bài tập 7: Chia động từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống
If I ___ (be) you, I ___ (take) that job.
If she ___ (study) harder, she ___ (pass) the exam.
If I ___ (know) about the event, I ___ (go).
If we ___ (live) near the beach, we ___ (swim) every day.
If I ___ (have) more time, I ___ (learn) Japanese.
If I ___ (be) taller, I ___ (play) basketball.
If we ___ (have) more time, we ___ (explore) the city.
If he ___ (be) rich, he ___ (travel) the France
Đáp án
were - would take
studied - would pass
knew - would go
lived - would swim
had - would learn
were - would play
had - would explore
were - would travel
Bài tập 8: Viết lại câu sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2
I couldn’t fix it because it was too late.
She isn’t at the meeting because she doesn’t feel well.
They don’t live near the beach so they couldn’t swim every day
I can’t speak French well enough, so I have difficulty communicating.
She doesn’t have a car, so she can’t drive to work.
I don’t know about the party, so I won’t attend.
He can’t play the piano because he doesn’t practice.
They don’t ask for help, so they struggle.
Đáp án
If it weren’t too late, I could fix it.
If she felt well, she would be at the meeting.
If they lived near the beach, they would swim every day.
If I spoke French well enough, I would communicate easily.
If she had a car, she could drive to work.
If I knew about the party, I would attend.
If he practiced, he could play the piano.
If they asked for help, they wouldn’t struggle.
Bài tập 9: Nối câu ở 2 cột A và B sao cho hợp lý
Cột A | Cột B |
1. If I were you, | a) I would go to the party. |
2. If he studied more, | b) they would be able to afford it. |
3. If we had a car, | c) I would learn French. |
4. If she were taller, | d) we could go on a road trip. |
5. If they took the job, | e) I would change my mind. |
6. If I knew you were coming, | f) she could reach the top shelf. |
7. If you worked harder, | g) you would be successful. |
8. If it didn’t rain, | h) we would go to the beach. |
9. If I had a chance, | i) I would tell them to save more money. |
10. If they asked me for advice, | j) he could improve his grades. |
Đáp án
E
J
D
F
B
A
G
H
C
I
Bài tập 10: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng Unless
If she didn’t have a good excuse, she wouldn’t be allowed to leave early.
They wouldn't pass the exam if they didn’t work harder.
He would finish the project on time if he weren't so lazy.
They would help us with the event if they were not so busy.
She would feel worse if she did not take the medicine.
If I didn’t know the answer, I couldn’t help you.
If you didn’t leave early, you wouldn’t be able to catch the train.
He wouldn’t recall everything if he didn’t have a good memory,
You could not join the club if you weren’t a girl.
If I weren’t so busy, I would call you.
Đáp án
Unless she had a good excuse, she wouldn’t be allowed to leave early.
Unless they worked harder, they wouldn’t pass the exam.
He would finish the project on time unless he were so lazy.
They would help us with the event unless they were so busy.
Unless she took the medicine, she would feel worse.
Unless I knew the answer, I couldn’t help you.
Unless you left early, you wouldn’t be able to catch the train.
He wouldn’t recall everything unless he had a good memory.
You could not join the club unless you were a girl.
Unless I were so busy, I would call you.
Bài tập 11: Chia động từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống trong các câu sau
If I work hard, I ___ (get) a promotion.
If I were you, I ___ (hesitate) to accept the offer.
If it ___ (rain), we won’t go to the park.
If she ___ (call) me, I would help her with the project.
If you study harder, you ___ (pass) the exam.
If they arrive early, they ___ (catch) the bus.
If we ___ (have) more time, we would travel around the world.
If she invites me, I ___ (attend) the meeting.
If he ___ (study) harder, he would pass the exam.
If they weren't so tired, they ___ (go) to the party.
If I ___ (be) you, I would accept the offer.
If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we will go for a walk.
If they ___ (leave) earlier, they would catch the train.
If you ___ (listen) to my advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble.
If I ___ (have) enough time, I will go on a trip next summer.
If they ___ (pay) attention, they wouldn’t make that mistake.
If I ___ (have) enough money, I would buy a new laptop.
If he ___ (be) here, he would help us with the project.
If we had more time, we ___ (visit) more places.
If you ___ (lose) your keys, you will not get into the house.
Đáp án
will get
wouldn’t hesitate
rains
called
will pass
will catch
had
will attend
studied
would go
were
rains
left
listened
have
paid
had
were
would visit
lose
Bài tập 12: Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. He doesn’t take my advice, so he doesn’t succeed.
→ If ________________________________ .
2. I don’t know she is coming, so I don’t prepare anything.
→ If ________________________________
3. He doesn’t apply for the job, so he doesn’t get it.
→ If ________________________________
4. If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
→ Unless ________________________________
5. She doesn’t study hard, so she doesn’t pass the test.
→ If ________________________________
6. If it doesn’t snow tomorrow, we can go skiing.
→ Unless ________________________________
7. He is very busy, so he cannot join us for dinner.
→ If ________________________________
8. If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train.
→ Unless ________________________________
9. If we had a car, we could visit more places.
→ Unless ________________________________
10. Jack plays too many games every day, that’s why his mind isn’t clear.
→ If Jack ________________________________
Đáp án
If he took my advice, he would succeed.
If I knew she was coming, I would prepare something.
If he applied, he would get the job.
Unless it rains, we will go to the beach.
If she studied hard, she would pass the test.
Unless it snows tomorrow, we can go skiing.
If he were not so busy, he would join us for dinner.
Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.
Unless we had a car, we couldn't visit more places.
If Jack didn’t play too many games every day, his mind would be clear.
Trên đây, IELTS LangGo đã hệ thống kiến thức và tổng hợp bài tập câu điều kiện lớp 10 theo các dạng khác nhau.
Các bạn hãy thực hành làm bài để nắm chắc kiến thức và đạt điểm thật cao trong các bài thi Tiếng Anh nhé.
ĐĂNG KÝ TƯ VẤN LỘ TRÌNH CÁ NHÂN HÓANhận ƯU ĐÃI lên tới 12.000.000đ