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Trong quá trình học Tiếng Anh, bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện là một kiến thức quan trọng rất hay gặp trong các đề thi. Bởi vậy, thông qua bài viết sau, IELTS LangGo sẽ giới thiệu đến bạn 7 dạng bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện Tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất kèm ví dụ và bài tập vận dụng. Cùng học thôi nào!
Câu điều kiện là câu được sử dụng để diễn tả một tình huống giả định và kết quả của tình huống đó. Loại câu này thường có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề điều kiện (nếu điều này xảy ra) và mệnh đề chính (kết quả sẽ xảy ra).
Có 6 loại câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh, mỗi loại sẽ có cấu trúc và cách sử dụng tương ứng như sau:
| Cấu trúc | Cách dùng | Ví dụ | |
| If + S + V, S + V | Dùng để diễn tả những sự thật hiển nhiên, những điều luôn đúng | If you mix red and blue, you get purple. (Nếu bạn trộn màu đỏ và xanh, bạn sẽ được màu tím.) | |
| If + S + V, S + will + V-inf | Dùng để diễn tả một tình huống có thể xảy ra trong tương lai nếu điều kiện ở hiện tại được đáp ứng | If you finish the report by Friday, the manager will be pleased. (Nếu bạn hoàn thành báo cáo trước thứ Sáu, quản lý sẽ hài lòng.) | |
| If + S + V2/V-ed, S + would + V-inf | Dùng để diễn tả một tình huống không có thật hoặc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai | If she knew his phone number, she would call him immediately. (Nếu cô ấy biết số điện thoại của anh ấy, cô ấy sẽ gọi anh ấy ngay lập tức.) | |
| If + S + had + V3/V-ed, S + would have + V3/V-ed | Dùng để diễn tả một tình huống không có thật trong quá khứ và bày tỏ sự tiếc nuối | If they had left home earlier, they would have caught the train. (Nếu họ rời khỏi nhà đi sớm hơn, họ đã bắt kịp chuyến tàu.) | |
| Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (2&3) | If + S + V2-V-ed, S + would have + V3/V-ed | Dùng để diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại và kết quả giả định trong quá khứ | If I were a better cook, I would have prepared a gourmet meal for them last night. (Nếu tôi là một đầu bếp giỏi hơn, tôi đã chuẩn bị một bữa ăn ngon cho họ tối qua.) |
| Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (3&2) | If + S + had + V3/V-ed, S + would + V2/V-ed | Dùng để diễn tả tình huống giả định trong quá khứ và ảnh hưởng nó có thể gây ra đến hiện tại và tương lai | If he had studied engineering, he would be working as an engineer now. (Nếu anh ấy đã học kỹ thuật, bây giờ anh ấy đã làm kỹ sư.) |
>> Xem thêm: Cách vẽ sơ đồ tư duy câu điều kiện đơn giản kèm mẫu free download
Khi viết lại câu điều kiện, cách đầu tiên có thể sử dụng là sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ. Tuỳ vào loại câu điều kiện khác nhau và người học cần sử dụng các cấu trúc đảo ngữ khác nhau:
Viết lại câu điều kiện loại 1 đảo ngữ
If + S1 + V(s/es), S2 + will/should/can … + V-inf
=> Should + S1 + (not)+ V-inf, S2 + will/should/can … + V-inf
Ví dụ: If you happen to meet the CEO at the conference, you can discuss the proposal directly.
=> Should you happen to meet the CEO at the conference, you can discuss the proposal directly. (Nếu bạn tình cờ gặp giám đốc điều hành tại hội nghị, bạn có thể thảo luận trực tiếp về đề xuất.)
If + S1 + am/is/are + Adj/N, S2 + will/should/can … + V-inf
=> Should + S1 + (not) + be + Adj/N, S2 + will/should/can … + V-inf
Ví dụ: If the project is successful, the company will expand into foreign markets.
=> Should the project be successful, the company will expand into foreign markets. (Nếu dự án thành công, công ty sẽ mở rộng ra các thị trường nước ngoài.)
Viết lại câu điều kiện loại 2 đảo ngữ
If + S1 + V2/V-ed, S2 + would/might/could … + V-inf
=> Were + S1 + (not) + to V-inf, S2 + would/might/could … + V-inf
Ví dụ: If she knew the answer to the math exercise, she would tell us.
=> Were she to know the answer, she would tell us. (Nếu cô ấy biết đáp án cho bài tập Toán, cô ấy sẽ nói với chúng ta.)
If + S1 + were (not), S2 + would/might/could … + V-inf
=> Were + S1 + (not) + O, S2 + would/might/could … + V-inf
Ví dụ: If he were not an expert in his field, his advice might not be so highly valued.
=> Were he not an expert in his field, his advice might not be so highly valued. (Nếu anh ấy không phải là chuyên gia trong lĩnh vực của mình, lời khuyên của anh ấy có thể sẽ không được đánh giá cao như vậy.)
Viết lại câu điều kiện loại 3 đảo ngữ
If + S1 + had + V3/V-ed, S2 + would/might/could … + have + V3/V-ed
=> Had + S1 + (not) + V3/V-ed, S2 + would/might/could … + have + V3/V-ed
Ví dụ: If she had known about the deadline, she would have submitted her report earlier.
=> Had she known about the deadline, she would have submitted her report earlier. (Nếu cô ấy đã biết về thời hạn, cô ấy đã nộp báo cáo sớm hơn.)
If + S1 + had (not) been + Adj/N, S2 + would/might/could … + have + V3/V-ed
=> Had + S1 + (not) + been + Adj/N, S2 + would/might/could … + have + V3/V-ed
Ví dụ: If the weather had not been so terrible, we could have gone on the planned trip.
=> Had the weather not been so terrible, we could have gone on the planned trip. (Nếu thời tiết không tệ như vậy, chúng tôi đã có thể đi chuyến đi đã lên kế hoạch.)
Viết lại câu điều kiện hỗn hợp 3&2 đảo ngữ
Cấu trúc:
If + S1 + had + V3/V-ed, S2 + would/might/could… + V-inf
=> Had + S1 + (not) + V3/V-ed + O, S2 + would/might/could + V-inf
Ví dụ: If my husband and I had invested in the right stocks, we would be wealthy now.
=> Had my husband and I invested in the right stocks, we would be wealthy now. (Nếu chồng của tôi và tôi đã đầu tư vào các cổ phiếu đúng, bây giờ chúng tôi đã giàu có rồi.)
Khi mệnh đề điều kiện có “If… not”, ta có thể viết lại câu điều kiện đó bằng cách bỏ “If… not” và thay bằng “Unless” đứng ở đầu câu. Cách này được áp dụng với tất cả các dạng câu điều kiện 1, 2, 3 trong Tiếng Anh.
Cấu trúc:
If S1 + (not) + V, S2 + V
=> Unless S1 + V, S2 + V
Ví dụ: If you do not submit your assignment by tomorrow, you will fail the course. (Nếu bạn không nộp bài tập của mình trước ngày mai, bạn sẽ trượt khóa học.)
=> Unless you submit your assignment by tomorrow, you will fail the course. (Trừ khi bạn nộp bài tập của mình trước ngày mai, bạn sẽ trượt khóa học.)
Otherwise và Or đều được dùng để viết lại câu điều kiện với ý nghĩa là "nếu không thì". Khi đó, chúng ta bỏ "If…" và thay bằng "Otherwise" hoặc "Or" vào mệnh đề còn lại. Tuy nhiên, cách này chỉ được áp dụng với duy nhất câu điều kiện 1.
Cấu trúc:
If + S1 + (don’t/doesn’t) + V, S2 + V
=> S1 + should/need to/have to + V-inf, otherwise/or + S2 + will + V-inf + O
Ví dụ:
1. If you don’t finish your homework, you will not be allowed to go to the party. (Bạn cần hoàn thành bài tập về nhà, nếu không bạn sẽ không được phép đi dự tiệc.)
=> You need to finish your homework, otherwise you will not be allowed to go to the party. (Bạn cần hoàn thành bài tập về nhà, nếu không bạn sẽ không được phép đi dự tiệc.)
2. If he doesn’t submit the application today, he will miss the deadline. (Nếu anh ấy không nộp đơn xin hôm nay, anh ấy sẽ lỡ hạn chót.)
=> He has to submit the application today, or he will miss the deadline. (Anh ấy phải nộp đơn xin hôm nay, nếu không anh ấy sẽ lỡ hạn chót.)
Tương tự như Otherwise và Or, Without cũng được sử dụng để viết lại câu với ý nghĩa "nếu không thì", tuy nhiên từ này lại đứng ở đầu câu điều kiện. Bạn cần bỏ "If… not" và thay bằng "Without" đứng đầu câu hoặc trước mệnh đề chính. Cách này được áp dụng với tất cả các dạng câu điều kiện 1, 2 và 3.
Cấu trúc:
If S1 + (not) + V, S2 + V
=> Without + N/V-ing, S2 + V
Ví dụ: If she hadn’t prepared thoroughly, she would have failed the exam. (Nếu cô ấy không chuẩn bị kỹ lưỡng, cô ấy đã trượt kỳ thi.)
=> Without thorough preparation, she would have failed the exam. (Nếu không có sự chuẩn bị kỹ lưỡng, cô ấy đã trượt kỳ thi.)
Chúng ta thường sử dụng But for khi muốn viết lại câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 với ý nghĩa là "Nếu không"
Cấu trúc:
If it weren’t/hadn’t been + for + N/V-ing, S + V
=> But for + N/V-ing, S + V
Ví dụ: If it weren’t for his dedication, the project wouldn’t be progressing so well.
=> But for his dedication, the project wouldn’t be progressing so well. (Nếu không có sự cống hiến của anh ấy, dự án đã không tiến triển tốt như vậy.)
Ngoài các cách viết lại câu điều kiện loại 1, 2, 3 như trên, các bạn cũng sẽ bắt gặp dạng bài viết lại các câu đơn thành câu điều kiện như sau:
Với cách viết lại câu này, bạn hãy chú ý tuân thủ 3 bước sau đây:
Xác định tình huống và thời gian: Xem xét các câu đơn để xác định tình trạng và thời gian của mỗi câu
Chọn loại câu điều kiện phù hợp: Dựa vào tình trạng và thời gian, xác định loại câu điều kiện (loại 1, loại 2, loại 3, hoặc hỗn hợp)
Viết câu điều kiện với giả thiết trái ngược: Đảm bảo rằng câu điều kiện tạo ra một giả thiết trái ngược với nội dung câu gốc
Ví dụ: She didn’t take an umbrella. Now, she is wet. (Cô ấy đã không mang theo ô. Bây giờ, cô ấy bị ướt.)
=> If she had taken an umbrella, she wouldn’t be wet now. (Nếu cô ấy đã mang theo ô, bây giờ cô ấy đã không bị ướt.)
Đối với dạng viết lại câu điều kiện này, chúng ta cũng áp dụng các bước thực hiện sau:
Xác định liên từ nguyên nhân - kết quả: Tìm liên từ trong câu gốc (because, as, since, so, that’s why, therefore, etc.)
Thay liên từ bằng "if" và chọn loại câu điều kiện phù hợp: Thay thế liên từ bằng "if" và điều chỉnh các mệnh đề phù hợp. Nếu câu chứa “because” thì ta thay “if” vào vị trí của “because”, còn nếu câu chứa “so/that’s why” thì ta thay “if” vào vị trí trong mệnh đề còn lại.
Đổi từ khẳng định thành phủ định hoặc ngược lại: Để tạo giả thiết trái ngược với thực tế
Ví dụ: He didn’t have the required qualifications, therefore he didn’t get the job. (Anh ấy không có đủ bằng cấp cần thiết, vì vậy anh ấy đã không có được công việc.)
=> If he had had the required qualifications, he would have gotten the job. (Nếu anh ấy đã có đủ bằng cấp cần thiết, anh ấy đã có được công việc.)
1. If he won the lottery, he would travel around the world.
→ Were __________.
2. If the project receives funding, we will start immediately.
→ Should __________.
3. If she had completed her degree, she would have a better job now.
→ Had __________.
4. If she were more experienced, she could handle the situation better.
→ Were __________.
5. If you decide to join us, you can contribute to our long-term Marketing project.
→ Should __________.
6. If they had taken the earlier flight, they would have arrived on time.
→ Had __________.
7. If my brother worked harder, he might get promoted to a C-level position.
→ Were __________.
8. If they had invested wisely, they would be financially secure now.
→ Had __________.
9. If you complete the report by tomorrow, the manager will review it.
→ Should __________.
10. If he had saved more money in the past, he would own a house now.
→ Had __________.
1. If she hadn't missed the train, she would have arrived on time.
2. If they had not saved more money, they would not be living comfortably now.
3. If you don't submit the report by tomorrow, you will face a penalty.
4. If you don't water plants, they die.
5. If he didn't know the truth, he would believe the lie from Mark’s mouth.
6. If she had finished her degree, she would be working in her dream job now.
7. If they hadn't canceled the flight to Los Angeles, we would have reached on time.
8. If you don't wear a coat, you will catch a cold.
9. If you don't heat ice, it doesn't melt.
10. If you don't finish the project on time, the client will be dissatisfied.
1. If you didn’t practice piano regularly, you wouldn’t become proficient.
2. If she hadn’t taken the job, she wouldn’t have gained this valuable experience from the managers.
3. If they hadn’t saved money, they wouldn’t be able to buy a house now.
4. If she doesn’t attend the meeting, she will miss important information.
5. If they didn’t invest in education, they wouldn’t have a better future.
6. If he hadn’t moved to the city, he wouldn’t have the career he has now.
7. If you don’t water the plants, they will die.
8. If Mary didn’t speak fluent Spanish, she wouldn’t be able to communicate with her colleagues.
9. If John doesn’t finish his presentation, he won’t impress the clients.
10. If James hadn’t invested in that company, he wouldn’t have made a profit.
1. If David hadn’t practiced meditation, he wouldn’t have reduced his stress levels.
2. If John hadn’t received financial support from his family, he wouldn’t have been able to start his own business.
3. If the doctor hadn’t administered the right medication, the patient wouldn’t have survived.
4. If Michael hadn’t had prior experience in management, he wouldn’t have been promoted to the senior position.
5. If the team hadn’t had the necessary resources, they wouldn’t have completed the project on time.
6. If you don’t take an umbrella, you will get wet.
7. If Emma hadn’t had the encouragement of her friends, she wouldn’t have pursued her acting career.
8. If she didn’t know the rules, she would make mistakes.
9. If he hadn’t received the scholarship, that poor student wouldn’t have been able to attend college.
10. If Lucy hadn’t had a strong educational background, she wouldn’t have gotten the job.
1. If it weren’t for his innovative ideas, the team wouldn’t have achieved such success.
2. If it hadn’t been for his early investment, the company wouldn’t be thriving today.
3. If it hadn’t been for the team’s perseverance, the project wouldn’t be nearing completion now.
4. If it weren’t for their hard work, the event wouldn’t be so well-organized.
5. If it weren’t for the manager's guidance, the team wouldn’t be performing so well.
6. If it hadn’t been for the engineer’s expertise, the bridge would have collapsed.
7. If it hadn’t been for their early research, the scientists wouldn’t be making progress now.
8. If it weren’t for the community's support, the project wouldn’t have gained so much attention.
9. If it hadn’t been for the dedicated volunteers, the organization wouldn’t be operational now.
10. If it hadn’t been for the timely repairs, the damage would have been irreparable.
1. She doesn’t practice enough. She doesn’t play the piano well.
→ If __________.
2. He didn’t study hard in college. Now, he doesn’t have a good job.
→ If __________.
3. She doesn’t save money. She can’t buy a new car.
→ If __________.
4. They didn’t sign the contract. They lost the deal.
→ If __________.
5. The students didn’t prepare the presentation well. Their performance last week was poor.
→ If __________.
6. Anna doesn’t have enough experience in Sales and Marketing. She can’t apply for the job.
→ If __________.
7. She doesn’t have a driving license. She couldn’t drive the car yesterday.
→ If __________.
8. Some students do not pay attention in class. They don’t understand the lessons.
→ If __________.
9. He doesn’t have the courage. He couldn’t confront his boss last week.
→ If __________.
10. Beth and Anna do not check the weather forecast. They get caught in the rain.
→ If __________.
1. As she forgot her phone, she couldn't call for help.
→ If __________.
2. Since she doesn't have a car, she can't drive to work.
→ If __________.
3. She didn't invest in the stock market, so she missed out on potential profits.
→ If __________.
4. She practiced diligently every day, that's why she won the competition.
→ Had __________.
5. She worked tirelessly on her project, that's why she received praise from her supervisor.
→ Without __________.
6. Because it was too hot, the ice cream melted quickly.
→ If __________.
7. She doesn't eat healthy, that’s why she can’t maintain her weight.
→ If __________.
8. As they didn't practice regularly, they couldn't perform well in the concert.
→ If __________.
9. The team trained rigorously every day, that's why they performed exceptionally well in the competition.
→ If __________.
10. The experiment failed because the hypothesis was not properly tested.
→ If __________.
Đáp án
Bài 1:
1. Were he to win the lottery, he would travel around the world.
2. Should the project receive funding, we will start immediately.
3. Had she completed her degree, she would have a better job now.
4. Were she more experienced, she could handle the situation better.
5. Should you decide to join us, you can contribute to our long-term Marketing project.
6. Had they taken the earlier flight, they would have arrived on time.
7. Were my brother to work harder, he might get promoted to a C-level position.
8. Had they invested wisely, they would be financially secure now.
9. Should you complete the report by tomorrow, the manager will review it.
10. Had he saved more money in the past, he would own a house now.
Bài 2:
1. Unless she had missed the train, she would have arrived on time.
2. Unless they had saved more money, they would not be living comfortably now.
3. Unless you submit the report by tomorrow, you will face a penalty.
4. Unless you water plants, they die.
5. Unless he knew the truth, he would believe the lie from Mark’s mouth.
6. Unless she had not finished her degree, she would be working in her dream job now.
7. Unless they had canceled the flight to Los Angeles, we would have reached on time.
8. Unless you wear a coat, you will catch a cold.
9. Unless you heat ice, it doesn't melt.
10. Unless you finish the project on time, the client will be dissatisfied.
Bài 3:
1. You should practice regularly, otherwise, you won’t become proficient.
2. She should have taken the job, otherwise, she wouldn’t have gained this valuable experience from the managers.
3. They should have saved money, otherwise they wouldn’t be able to buy a house now.
4. She has to attend the meeting, otherwise she will miss important information.
5. They should invest in education, otherwise they wouldn’t have a better future.
6. He should have moved to the city, otherwise, he wouldn’t have the career he has now.
7. You need to water the plants, otherwise they will die.
8. Mary should speak fluent Spanish, otherwise she won’t be able to communicate with her colleagues.
9. John should finish his presentation, otherwise he won’t impress the clients.
10. James should have invested in that company, otherwise he wouldn’t have made a profit.
Bài 4:
1. Without having practiced meditation, David wouldn’t have reduced his stress levels.
2. Without financial support from his family, John wouldn’t have been able to start his own business.
3. Without the right medication, the patient wouldn’t have survived.
4. Without prior experience in management, Michael wouldn’t have been promoted to the senior position.
5. Without the necessary resources, the team wouldn’t have completed the project on time.
6. Without an umbrella, you will get wet.
7. Without the encouragement of her friends, Emma wouldn’t have pursued her acting career.
8. Without knowing the rules, she would make mistakes.
9. Without the scholarship, that poor student wouldn’t have been able to attend college.
10. Without a strong educational background, Lucy wouldn’t have gotten the job.
Bài 5:
1. But for his innovative ideas, the team wouldn’t have achieved such success.
2. But for his early investment, the company wouldn’t be thriving today.
3. But for the team’s perseverance, the project wouldn’t be nearing completion now.
4. But for their hard work, the event wouldn’t be so well organized.
5. But for the manager's guidance, the team wouldn’t be performing so well.
6. But for the engineer’s expertise, the bridge would have collapsed.
7. But for their early research, the scientists wouldn’t be making progress now.
8. But for the community's support, the project wouldn’t have gained so much attention.
9. But for the dedicated volunteers, the organization wouldn’t be operational now.
10. But for the timely repairs, the damage would have been irreparable.
Bài 6:
1. If she practiced enough, she would play the piano well.
2. If he had studied hard in college, he would have a good job now.
3. If she saved money, she could buy a new car.
4. If they had signed the contract, they wouldn’t have lost the deal.
5. If the students had prepared the presentation well, their performance wouldn’t have been poor last week.
6. If Anna had enough experience in Sales and Marketing, she could apply for the job.
7. If she had a driving license, she could have driven the car yesterday.
8. If some students paid attention in class, they would understand the lessons.
9. If he had the courage, he could have confronted his boss last week.
10. If Beth and Diana checked the weather forecast, they would not get caught in the rain.
Bài 7:
1. If she hadn't forgotten her phone, she could have called for help.
2. If she had a car, she could drive to work.
3. If she had invested in the stock market, she wouldn't have missed out on potential profits.
4. Had she not practiced diligently every day, she wouldn't have won the competition.
5. Without working tirelessly on her project, she wouldn't have received praise from her supervisor.
6. If it hadn't been too hot, the ice cream wouldn't have melted quickly.
7. If she ate healthy, she could maintain her weight.
8. If they had practiced regularly, they would have performed well in the concert.
9. If the hypothesis had been properly tested, the experiment would not have failed.
10. If the team hadn't trained rigorously every day, they wouldn't have performed exceptionally well in the competition.
Trên đây là các cách viết lại câu điều kiện kèm cấu trúc và ví dụ minh hoa cụ thể. Hy vọng rằng bài viết của IELTS LangGo đã giúp bạn hiểu rõ và nắm chắc kiến thức này. Hãy làm thêm các bài tập vận dụng để thành thạo hơn và sử dụng dễ dàng trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh bạn nhé!
ĐĂNG KÝ TƯ VẤN LỘ TRÌNH CÁ NHÂN HÓANhận ƯU ĐÃI lên tới 12.000.000đ
