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Câu điều kiện loại 3 được dùng để nói về các sự việc hoặc hành động không xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Để giúp các bạn nắm chắc kiến thức, trong bài viết này IELTS LangGo đã tổng hợp các dạng bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 từ cơ bản đến nâng cao kèm đáp án đầy đủ. Cùng thực hành ngay ôn tập lý thuyết và cải thiện kỹ năng làm bài nhé.
Để chinh phục các bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 (Conditional Type 3), bạn cần nắm được cấu trúc, cách sử dụng và điểm khác biệt so với các loại câu điều kiện khác.
Câu điều kiện loại 3 gồm hai mệnh đề; trong đó bao gồm: Mệnh đề giả thuyết (Mệnh đề If) và Mệnh đề chính chỉ kết quả của sự việc, hành động
Công thức chung như sau:
| Mệnh đề If | Mệnh đề chính |
| If + S + had + Ved/V3 | S + would/could/might + have + Ved/V3 |
Ví dụ:
Ngoài ra, nếu mệnh đề If ở dạng phủ định, chúng ta có thể thay If + not = Unless.
Công thức:
If + S + had not + Ved/V3, S + would/could/might + have + Ved/V3
= Unless + S + had + Ved/V3, S + would/could/might + have + Ved/V3
Ví dụ:
=> Unless he had completed the required training, he would not have been allowed to operate the machine.
Trong mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 3, chúng ta có thể dùng các động từ khuyết thiếu như would, could, might,... tùy theo các trường hợp sử dụng khác nhau:
Ví dụ: If she had saved more money, she could have traveled around the world. (Nếu cô ấy đã tiết kiệm nhiều tiền hơn, cô ấy đã có thể đi du lịch quanh thế giới.)
Ví dụ: If I had studied harder in high school, I would have gotten into my dream university. (Nếu tôi đã học chăm chỉ hơn ở trung học, tôi đã có thể đậu vào trường đại học mơ ước của mình.)
Ví dụ: If I had invested in that startup a few years ago, I might have become rich by now. (Nếu tôi đã đầu tư vào công ty khởi nghiệp đó vài năm trước, có thể tôi đã giàu có đến bây giờ.)
Ví dụ: If they had started their business earlier, they could have established themselves as industry leaders. (Nếu họ bắt đầu kinh doanh sớm hơn, có thể họ đã xác lập vị thế của mình là những người lãnh đạo trong ngành.)
Dạng đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 3 được sử dụng khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động, sự việc trong mệnh đề chính.
Cấu trúc: Had + S + Ved/V3, S + would/could/should + have + Ved/V3
Ví dụ: Had I known that the concert was canceled, I would have stayed at home. (Nếu tôi biết rằng buổi hòa nhạc đã bị hủy, tôi đã ở nhà.)
Bên cạnh cấu trúc cơ bản thông dụng, câu điều kiện loại 3 còn có một số biến thể sau:
Biến thể trong mệnh đề giả thuyết “If”:
If + S + had been + Ving, S + would/could/might + have + Ved/V3
Ví dụ: If she had been paying attention in class, she might have understood the complex concept. (Nếu cô ấy đã chú ý trong lớp học, có thể cô ấy đã hiểu được khái niệm phức tạp.)
Biến thể trong mệnh đề chính:
If + S + had + Ved/V3, S + would + have been + Ving
Ví dụ: If she had passed the exam, she would have been celebrating with her friends now. (Nếu cô ấy đã đỗ kỳ thi, bây giờ cô ấy đã đang ăn mừng với bạn bè.)
If + S + had + Ved/V3 , S + would + V-inf
Ví dụ: If I had studied harder last year, she would attend a prestigious university now. (Nếu tôi đã học chăm chỉ hơn vào năm ngoái, bây giờ tôi đã theo học tại một trường đại học danh tiếng.)
Câu điều kiện loại 3 với câu điều kiện loại 2 có gì giống và khác nhau? Bảng so sánh dưới đây sẽ giúp bạn tìm ra câu trả lời.
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| Câu điều kiện loại 3 | Câu điều kiện loại 2 |
| Cấu trúc | If + S + had + Ved/V3, S + would/should/could/… + have + Ved/V3 | If + S + V-ed, S + would/could/should + V-inf |
| Cách dùng | Diễn tả một sự kiện, hành động không xảy ra trong quá khứ | Nói về một sự việc, hành động không xảy ra ở hiện tại |
| Ví dụ | If he had taken the job offer, he would have earned a higher salary now. (Nếu anh ấy đã chấp nhận đề nghị công việc, anh ấy đã nhận mức lương cao hơn.) | If I won the lottery, I would buy a house by the beach. (Nếu tôi trúng số, tôi sẽ mua một căn nhà bên bờ biển.) |
Sau khi review kiến thức, các bạn hãy cùng IELTS LangGo bắt tay thực hành các bài tập về câu điều kiện loại 3 từ cơ bản đến nâng cao để nắm chắc về loại câu này nhé.
Bài 1: Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 chia động từ trong ngoặc vào ô trống
1. If the students __________ (study) harder, they __________ (pass) the exam.
2. The company __________ (not face) financial problems if the management __________ (make) better decisions.
3. If I __________ (know) you were in town, I __________ (invite) you to the party.
4. If we __________ (have) more time, we __________ (visit) the museum.
5. The children __________ (not get) lost if the teacher __________ (keep) a closer eye on them.
6. Unless the weather __________ (be) so hot, we __________ (enjoy) the outdoor event.
7. If I __________ (not forget) my keys, I __________ (not be) locked out of the house.
8. The scientist __________ (not discover) the new species if he __________ (not conduct) extensive research.
9. If the government __________ (take) more action, the pollution levels __________ (not reach) this point.
10. The actors __________ (not forget) their lines if the director __________ (provide) better scripts.
11. If she __________ (save) more money, she __________ (buy) a new car.
12. He __________ (not miss) the train if he __________ (wake up) on time.
13. The athletes __________ (not achieve) such success unless they __________ (train) rigorously.
14. If the company __________ (invest) in new technology, it __________ (not face) these challenges.
15. The baby __________ (not cry) so much if the parents __________ (attend) to its needs promptly.
Đáp án
1. studied, would have passed
2. would not have lost, had not arrived
3. had known, would have invited
4. had had, would have visited
5. would not have gotten, had kept
6. had been, would have enjoyed
7. had not forgotten, would not have been locked
8. would not have discovered, he had not conducted
9. had taken, would not have reached
10. would not have forgotten, had provided
11. had saved, would have bought
12. would not have missed, had woken up
13. would not have achieved, had trained
14. had invested, would not have faced
15. would not have cried, had attended
Bài 2: Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 trắc nghiệm
1. If she had paid more attention during the lecture, she __________ the main points.
a. would understand
b. would have understood
c. will understand
d. will have understood
2. They would have watched the movie if they __________ about it earlier.
a. had known
b. know
c. have known
d. knew
3. If I __________ the recipe correctly, the cake __________ better.
a. follow / will taste
b. have followed / would taste
c. had followed / would have tasted
d. follows / tasted
4. If the train __________ late, we __________ at the station on time.
a. wasn't / will arrive
b. won't be / will arrive
c. isn't / will have arrived
d. hadn't been / would have arrived
5. If they __________ harder last year, they __________ the championship.
a. work / would win
b. were working / will win
c. had worked / would have won
d. work / will have won
6. If she __________ more careful, she __________ the accident.
a. were / would have avoided
b. has been / avoids
c. is / will avoid
d. had been / would avoid
7. The famous footballer __________ the match if he __________ his ankle.
a. wouldn't miss / hadn't sprained
b. won't miss / doesn't sprain
c. wouldn't be missing / doesn't sprain
d. wouldn't have missed / didn't sprain
8. If the government __________ new policies, the economy __________.
a. implementing / will improve
b. implement / would have improved
c. had implemented / would improve
d. will implement / improves
9. If the artist __________ the exhibition, their artwork __________ international acclaim.
a. organizes / would receive
b. had organized / will receive
c. had organized / would have received
d. is organizing / will have received
Đáp án
1. would have understood
2. had known
3. had followed / would have tasted
4. hadn't been / would have arrived
5. had worked / would have won
6. hadn't been / would have arrived
7. wouldn't miss / hadn't sprained
8. had implemented / would improve
9. had organized / would have received
Phần này sẽ gồm các dạng bài tập sẽ nâng cao hơn bao gồm: bài tập chia động từ mở rộng cho cả 3 loại câu điều kiện và bài tập đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3
Bài 1: Bài tập chia động từ phù hợp vào ô trống:
1. Should the negotiations proceed smoothly, both parties __________ (sign) the agreement by the end of the week.
2. If the team __________ (implement) the proposed strategies earlier, they might be leading in the competition now.
3. If the political climate __________ (remain) stable, foreign investors may consider expanding their operations in the region.
4. In case the research team had discovered the potential applications earlier, the technology __________ (revolutionize) the industry.
5. If it __________ (rain) tonight, we (stay) indoors and play board games.
6. Had the government implemented stricter environmental policies in the past, we __________ (mitigate) the current ecological crisis.
7. If he had invested wisely, his financial portfolio __________ (be) more robust today.
8. If she __________ (choose) a different career path, she might be working in a more fulfilling profession now.
9. Provided that the government __________ (implement) social programs a few years earlier, the disparity between rich and poor would be less pronounced.
10. If the weather __________ (be) clear tomorrow, we __________ (go) for a hike in the mountains.
11. If you __________ (water) the plants on a regular basis, they __________ (thrive) in the garden.
12. If the team had received adequate training, they __________ (execute) the project more efficiently.
13. We __________ (not cancel) the outdoor event if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
14. Unless they increase their productivity, the company __________ (achieve) its quarterly targets.
15. If they __________ (have) a larger budget last year, they might consider expanding their marketing strategies.
Đáp án
1. will sign
2. had implemented
3. remains
4. could have revolutionized / would have revolutionized
5. rains - will stay
6. might have mitigated / could have mitigated
7. would be
8. had chosen
9. had implemented
10. is - will go
11. water - will thrive
12. would have executed
13. will not cancel
14. will not achieve
15. had
Bài 2: Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện loại 3 sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. They went on a picnic because they didn't listen to the weather forecast.
→ If they……………………………………………….
2. She couldn't go to the party because she didn't finish her homework earlier.
→ If she………………………………………………..
3. If we had booked the hotel in advance, we wouldn't have struggled to find accommodation. (BECAUSE)
→ We…………………………………………………….
4. If they had not ignored the warning, they would not have faced the consequences.
→ Had……………………………………………………….
5. Had the company not ignored customer feedback, it would not have faced a decline in sales.
→ If the company…………………………………….
6. Unless the employees had received proper training, they would not have performed better.
→ Had the employees……………………………..
7. If the computer had not been infected with a virus, we could have avoided the data loss.
→ Had the computer………………………………….
8. We would not have realized the loudness of our music if the neighbors had not complained.
→ Had the neighbors……………………………………
9. I didn't bake a cake because I didn't know you were coming.
→ If I……………………………………………………………..
10. My best friend didn't attend my graduation ceremony because she overslept.
→ Had she…………………………………………………….
11. Had the store not offered a discount, we might have purchased the item elsewhere.
→ Provided that the store……………………………..
12. If the chef had not run out of ingredients, the dish would have tasted better.
→ Had the chef……………………………………………….
13. The party wasn't a success because they didn't invite enough people.
→ If they invited……………………………………………….
14. They missed the train because they arrived late at the station. (ON TIME)
→ If they…………………………………………………………….
15. If the instructions had not been clear, I could have made a serious mistake.
→ Had the instructions…………………………………………
Đáp án
1. If they had listened to the weather forecast, they would have not gone on a picnic.
2. If she had finished her homework earlier, she could have gone to the party.
3. We struggled to find accommodation because we didn't book the hotel in advance.
4. Had they not ignored the warning, they would not have faced the consequences.
5. If the company had not ignored customer feedback, it would not have faced a decline in sales.
6. Had the employees not received proper training, they would not have performed better.
7. Had the computer not been infected with a virus, we could have avoided the data loss.
8. Had the neighbors not complained, we would not have realized the loudness of our music.
9. If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
10. Had she not overslept, my best friend would have attended my graduation ceremony.
11. Provided that the store had not offered a discount, we might have purchased the item elsewhere.
12. Had the chef not run out of ingredients, the dish would have tasted better.
13. If they had invited enough people, the party would have been a success.
14. If they had arrived at the station on time, they would have caught the train.
15. Had the instructions not been clear, I could have made a serious mistake.
Thực hành các bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về cách diễn đạt những sự kiện không có thực trong quá khứ và tác động của chúng đến hiện tại. Hy vọng bài viết trên của IELTS LangGo đã giúp bạn nắm vững hơn chủ điểm ngữ pháp này và dễ dàng chinh phục mọi bài thi trên lớp!
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